2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is a resorcinol derivative with potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. 2,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde is an endogenous metabolite.

Itaconic acid also known as itaconate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids containing a branched chain. Itaconic acid exists as a solid soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Itaconic acid has been detected in multiple biofluids such as sweat and urine.

MDCG sodium (N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine sodium) is a metal chelator that promotes biliary excretion of Cd.