L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.

1,3-Dihydroxyacetone is the main active ingredient in sunscreen tanning skin care preparations, an important precursor for the synthesis of a variety of fine chemicals, and a food additive that can be produced on an industrial scale by microbial fermentation on Gluconobacter oxydans.

D-Leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity.