3,4,5-Trihydroxycinnamic acid decyl ester, an effective inhibitor of lipid absorption and accumulation, exhibits anti-obesity properties and acts as a pancreatic lipase inhibitor, with an EC50 of approximately 0.9 μM.

Naphthazarin is effective by various cellular mechanisms including oxidative stress, activation of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), depolymerization of microtubules, interference with lysosomal function and p53-dependent p21 activation.

(R)-Isomucronulatol (2H-1-Benzopyran-7-ol), a flavonoid that can be extracted from the leaves of Astragalus membranaceus, Sophora japonica, Sclerotium tigrinum, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, inhibits the proliferation and apoptosis of BMSCs in the TNF-α microenvironment.