Homobutein is a dual inhibitor of HDACs and NF-κB with IC50s of 190 and 38 μM. Homobutein is an iron chelator with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiparasite, and antioxidation activities.

γ-Glutamyl-S-allylcysteine (L-γ-Glutamyl-(S)-Allyl-Cysteine) is a γ-glutamyl peptide derived from Allium sativum L., known for its anti-glycation and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis.

Dihydrolipoic acid, a dithiol-containing carboxylic acid, acts as a general antioxidant that is highly reactive against a variety of reactive oxygen species, including peroxynitirite, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, at concentrations ranging from 0.01-0.5 mM.