DPPS (12-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-PS sodium salt) is an anionic diacyl-phospholipid, a form of phosphatidylserine (PS), which is a negatively charged phospholipid located in the lobules of cell membranes. DPPS are used to make cationic vesicles and liposomes.

Neurokinin A (NKA), formerly known as Substance K, is a neurologically active peptide translated from the pre-protachykinin gene.

4-Pentenoic acid also known as allyl acetic acid or 4-pentenate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as straight chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with a straight aliphatic chain. 4-Pentenoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral.