Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging. Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG.

1. 2, 5-Dihydroxyacetophenone possess anti-anxiety, and neuroprotective qualities. 2. 2, 5-Dihydroxyacetophenone treatment can induce a sustained activation of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPKs.

Biotin-Neuromedin S (rat)