BAY-3827 is a potent and selective AMPK inhibitor with potential antitumor activity, demonstrating antiproliferative effects in an androgen-dependent prostate cancer model and inhibiting the phosphorylation of acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC-1).

PNPG is a chromogenic β-D-glucosidase substrate, producing a yellow solution upon cleavage.

DMPO is a kind of water-soluble nitric oxide spin trap, which allows the measurement of oxygen-centered free radicals in biological systems at room temperature using electron spin resonance.