Sodium L-lactate is produced from pyruvate by the enzyme Lactate Dehydrogenase. Lactate production occurs during anaerobic glycolysis or in proliferatively active cells. L-Lactic Acid occurs in small quantities in the blood and muscle fluid of man and animals.

D-Allose is a rare naturally occurring monosaccharide known to exert anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells. The effects of D-Allose on the cellular membranes of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cell line (DU145) hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP) and normal prostate epithelial cells (PrEC) were studied at the molecular level by phospholipid profiling using a shotgun lipidomic method.

DSP-4 hydrochloride (Neurotoxin DSP 4 hydrochloride) can be used for the temporary selective degradation of the central and peripheral noradrenergic neurons, mainly those from the locus coeruleus (LC).