Goniothalamin is a natural product that has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines, can induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis on RT4 cells, induce apoptosis on HepG2 liver cancer cells via induction of caspase-3 with less sensitivity on the cell line of Chang cells.

L-Palmitoylcarnitine (L-PC) is an important endogenous fatty acid metabolite that inhibits Na/K ATPase activity and potentiates fibrinolytic enzymes and tPA to inhibit thrombosis.

FR-167356 is a specific inhibitor of a3 isoform vacuolar type H?-ATPase with IC50s of 170 nM, 370 nM and 220 nM for osteoclast plasma membranes, renal brush border membranes and macrophage microsomes.