23-Butanedione (Diacetyl) the molecule implicated in the disease known as popcorn lung has now been implicated in amyloid-β peptide toxicity associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Diacetyl accelerates amyloid-β aggregation-a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.

Thalidomide 5-fluoride is a chemical compound.

Phosphorylase Kinase β-Subunit Fragment (420-436) is the β-Subunit fragment (peptide 430-436) of phosphorylase kinase. Phosphorylase kinase is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which activates glycogen phosphorylase to release glucose-1-phosphate from glycogen.