Ninhydrin is a chromogenic analytical probe for the quantification of proteins and amino acids.

Fructo-oligosaccharide DP12/GF11 belongs to fructooligosaccharides (FOS) with degree of polymerization (DP=12). Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) are composed of 11 fructose units linked by (2→1)-β-glycosidic bonds and having a single D-glucosyl unit at the non-reducing end.

Zederone has anti-bacterial activity,it inhibits gram-positive bacteria activity. Zederone induces hepatotoxicity implicated the induction of Cyps, which leads to the formation of biological reactive metabolites and that cause the oxidative stress and liver cell injuries.