Methyl syringate has a unique inhibitory activity toward aflatoxin production with a different mode of action from that of gallic acid.

4-(Dimethylamino)phenol enhances extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels without significant effects on gluconeogenesis.

Humanin, an anti-apoptotic peptide of 24 amino acids, is a Bax inhibitor. Humanin prevents the translocation of Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, blocks Bax from the inactive to active conformation. Humanin is a mitochondria-associated peptide with a neuroprotective effect against AD-related neurotoxicity. Humanin also improves overall insulin sensitivity in animal. Humanin are related to aging. Humanin analogue, in which the serine at position 14 is replaced by glycine, names HNG.