Choline bitartrate is a form of the nutrient choline which is found in foods. Choline is necessary for normal liver and kidney function and a component of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, a chemical that facilitates communication between the nerves and muscles.

Complanatoside B is a natural product.

Difopein (TFA), a specific and competitive inhibitor of 14-3-3 protein (a highly conserved eukaryotic regulatory molecule), blocking the ability of 14-3-3 to bind to target proteins and inhibits 14-3-3/Ligand interactions. Difopein (TFA) leads to induction of apoptosis and enhances the ability of cisplatin to kill cells.