TT01001 is a selective agonist of mitoNEET and reduces oxidative stress injury and neuronal apoptosis by improving mitochondrial dysfunction. TT01001 can be used in studies about the treatment of type II diabetes.

ICI 118,551?is a highly selective β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist (Kis: 0.7, 49.5, and 611 nM for β2, β1, and β3 receptors).

Brandioside shows strong antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects, it significantly attenuates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 microM; it exhibits significant inhibition of advanced glycation end product formation with the IC50 value of 4.6-25.7 μM.