Campesterol is a plant sterol with cholesterol lowering and anticarcinogenic effects, it and other plant sterols often decrease LDL cholesterol levels overall. Campesterol has anti-inflammatory effect, it inhibits several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators typically involved in osteoarthritis- induced cartilage degradation, also sometimes used to treat some specific prostate conditions.

L-Citrulline is an amino acid derived from ornithine in the catabolism of proline or glutamine and glutamate or from l-arginine via arginine-citrulline pathway.

N-a-Acetyl-L-arginine also known as N-ac-L-arg-OH or N-alpha-acetylarginine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acyl-l-alpha-amino acids.