N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine is an urinary nucleoside. The mean levels of urinary N2,N2-Dimethylguanosine in patients with colorectal cancer are significantly higher than those in patients with intestinal villous adenoma or healthy adults.

Allolithocholic acid (allo-LCA) is found in the urine of infants with biliary atresia and is often excreted as sulfate-conjugated bile acids.Allolithocholic acid promotes intestinal and hepatic metabolism.

Palmitoyl CoA lithium (Palmitoyl coenzyme A lithium) is a major component of fatty acids involved in the carnitine shuttle system, beta-oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and can be used to study metabolic disorders in the body.