MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4-CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied.

Toringin, a bioflavonoid, is isolated from the bark of Docyniopsis tschonoski. Toringin progressively decreases not only the cis-effect of the expanded CTG repeats but cytotoxicity as well. Exposure to isosakuranetin, Toringin rescues PC12 neuronal cells. Flavonoids are efficacious for ameliorating the RNA gain of function caused by expanded CTG repeats, and have various biological activities and beneficial actions against cancers, coronary heart disease, among other pathologies.

Spinosad is a naturally-occurring insecticide found in the the soil bacterium S. spinosa.?