Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco. It acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in the peripheral nervous system (autonomic ganglia and adrenal medulla neuromuscular junction) and the central nervous system (CNS).

Eleutheroside E has anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting NF-κB activities.

4-Hydroxycoumarin, a coumarin derivative.4-Hydroxycoumarin serves as an immediate precursor of 4-hydroxycoumarin (4HC) type anticoagulants (for example, warfarin).?4-Hydroxycoumarin derivatives ?are employed as the anticoagulant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitumor, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, antimycobacterial, antimutagenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agents, HIV protease inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors.