Galanthamine hydrobromide is a long-acting, centrally active acetylcholinesterase(AChE) inhibitor (IC50 = 410 nM) and allosteric potentiator at neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors.

A 582941 is a Selective agonist of α7 nAChR partialA-582941 was found to exhibit high-affinity binding and partial agonism at alpha7 nAChRs.?In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that A-582941 activates signaling pathways known to be involved in cognitive function such as ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation.?

Platycodin D may stimulate TNF-α synthesis or inhibit degradation of TNF-α mRNA. Platycodin D (10/30 μM) suppresses prostaglandin E2 production in rat peritoneal macrophages stimulated by the protein kinase C activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA).