Porcine dynorphin A (1-13) is a potent, endogenous κ opioid receptor agonist and is antinociceptive at physiological concentrations. Exposure to dynorphin A (1-13) causes acute increases in [Ca2+]i in individual neurons similar to increases seen with acute NMDA treatment.

(±)-N-Methylcoclaurine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor antagonist.

CORM-3 is a water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecule with anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective activity.