Carmine (Carmine red) is an azo dye derived from dried Dactylopius coccus var. Costa and is an added food coloring.Carmine causes immediate hypersensitivity and delayed systemic reactions.

D-Arabinose also known as (+/-)-arabinose or aloe sugar belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. D-Arabinose has been primarily detected in feces.

5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic acid (Sumiki's acid) is a naturally occurring human metabolite. Sumiki's acid was first identified in the urine of a leukemia patient who was excreting an abnormal amount of its glycine derivative. Sumiki's acid has been found to be a byproduct of the fungus Aspergillus and probably other species of fungi and yeast as well.