Cornoside and Iridoids are chemosystematic markers.

7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-Linolenate is a γ-linolenic acid ester of 7-hydroxycoumarin (umbelliferone) that behaves as a substrate for cPLA2. Hydrolysis of 7-hydroxycoumarinyl-γ-linolenate by phospholipase results in the release of the fluorescent compound 7-hydroxycoumarin which can be monitored spectrophotometrically (excitation at 335 nm, emission at 450 nm).

Antennapedia Peptide TFA is a 16 amino acid peptide (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK). The DNA binding domain of the Drosophila transcription factor (Antennapedia), a 60 amino acid protein, is rapidly taken up by cells and has been fused to selected antigens to enhance their immunogenicity. A 16 amino acid peptide Antennapedia Peptide TFA from Antennapedia can facilitate the cytoplasmic uptake of cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope 9-mer peptides.