Kyotorphin is an endogenou neuroactive dipeptide with analgesic properties. Kyotorphin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Kyotorphin levels in cerebro-spinal fluid correlate negatively with the progression of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's Disease patients.

Endothelin-3, human, mouse, rabbit, rat TFA is a 21-amino acid vasoactive peptide that binds to G-protein-linked transmembrane receptors, ET-RA and ET-RB.

SFNGGP-NH2 is a biological active peptide. (PAR-3 is a high-affinity thrombin receptor. PAR-3 mRNA is expressed in the cutaneous mast cells of humans. Protease-Activated Receptors (PARs) have been studied for their roles in itch and their itch-associated response through histamine-dependent/independent pathways have been reported. PAR-3 has been shown not to induce itching alone but possibly in conjunction with PAR-4. Co-expression of PAR-3 and PAR-4 enhances thrombin action suggesting that PAR-3 alone does not mediate transmembrane signaling but instead functions as a cofactor to activate PAR-4.)