Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen or wintergreen oil) is an organic ester naturally produced by many species of plants, particularly wintergreens. It is also synthetically produced, used as a fragrance, in foods and beverages, and in liniments.

Cremophor EL is a nonionic surfactant. cremophor EL inhibits cellular metabolism and suppresses UGT1A1-mediated rhodopsin glucuronidation.

γ-Glu-Phe TFA (γ-Glutamylphenylalanine TFA) is synthesized from bacillus amyloliquefaciens (GBA) and aspergillus oryzae (GAO).