Polygalasaponin XXVIII is a triterpenoid saponin that can be isolated from Polygala japonica Houtt..

Hepcidin-1 (mouse) is an endogenous peptide hormone involved in the regulation of iron homeostasis. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) upregulates mRNA levels of TRAP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9 and increases TRAP-5b protein secretion. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) downregulates the level of FPN1 protein and increases intracellular iron. Hepcidin-1 (mouse) facilitates osteoclast differentiation.

Allatostatin IV, an octapeptide amine, is a member of the allatoregulatory peptide family found in insects which either inhibit (allatostatins) or stimulate (allatotropins) juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis.