Plantamajoside has anti-hepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive activities, improving sexual function and antioxidant activity.

(+)-Intermedine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), shows remarkable cytotoxic activity against neural progenitor cells (NPCs).

Lactose is the major sugar present in milk and the main source of energy supplied to the newborn mammalian in its mother's milk. Lactose is also an important osmotic regulator of lactation.