Chrysophanol 1-O-glucoside is a natural product.

Trans-caffeic acid stearyl ester is posited to inhibit melanogenesis signaling while suppressing cAMP levels and, subsequently, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2 and TRP-1 down-regulation, resulting in the suppression of tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis.

Vopratelimab (JTX-2011) is a selective humanized immunoglobulin G1-kappa monoclonal antibody and a potent ICOS agonist with high affinity for inducible T cell co-stimulating factors (ICOS), showing affinities of 0.93 nM for hICOS, 3.7 nM for rat ICOS, and 0.64 nM for mICOS.