HIF-1 alpha (556-574) is a hypoxia-inducible factor-1 19-mer fragment. HIF-1 functions as master regulator of response to oxygen homeostasis. Hypoxia-induced gene expression is initiated when HIF-1subunit is stabilized in response to a lack of oxygen. This part of HIF-1 binds to the von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the proline 564 is absolutely vital to the binding process.

Boc-NH-PEG12-NH2 is a PEG-based PROTAC linker that can be used in the synthesis of PROTACs.

Anagyrine, is the responsible teratogen from teratogenic lupins, can produce congenital deformities in calves typical of crooked calf disease.