Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside chloride has antioxidant activity. Cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside inhibits hyperbaric pressure-induced GLAST decrease and can be used in glaucoma studies.

Cyclic MKEY TFA is a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4-CCL5 heterodimer formation, which protects against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation.

Homocystine is the double-bonded form of homocysteine but it occurs only transiently before being converted to the harmless cystathionine via a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme. Homocystine and homocysteine-cysteine mixed disulfide account for >98% of total homocysteine in plasma from healthy individuals.