Gap19 TFA is a peptide derived from nine amino acids of Cx43 cytoplasmic ring (CL), an effective, selective connexin 43 (Cx43) half-channel blocker.

Jionoside A1 is isolated and purified from the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa.

PAC1R antagonist 1 is an orally active PAC1 receptor antagonist that inhibits abnormal pain induced by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and nerve damage, and may be used in the study of neoplasms and immune-related disorders.