Antagonist G is a potent vasopressin antagonist. Antagonist G is also a weak antagonist of GRP and Bradykinin. Antagonist G induces AP-1 transcription and sensitizes cells to chemotherapy.

Luteolin 7-sulfate is isolated from Phyllospadix iwatensis Makino, a marine plant. Luteolin 7-sulfate attenuates TYR gene expression through the intervention of a cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)- and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-mediated signaling pathway, leading to the decreased melanin synthesis.

46-Dioxoheptanoic acid is a potent inhibitor of heme biosynthesis.