Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside is a component of Phellodendron amurense with anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

BZX1 is an O-Iinked N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase inhibitor, which can be used to study abnormal cell differentiation and cartilage degeneration.

N-Acetyl-L-histidine monohydrate (NAH) also exhibits a strong phylogenetic component in that it is a major osmolyte in the brain and eye of teleost (bony) fish, amphibians and reptiles, but is present in much lower amounts in brain and other tissues of homeothermic (endothermic) vertebrates.