(R)-Pantetheine (Pantetheine) is the biologically active form of VB5 (pantothenic acid), which occurs in nature in various forms of Pantetheine-containing ligands (PCL).

2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-4-yl)acetic acid (2-(1-methylimidazol-4-yl)acetic acid) is a plasma histamine derivative that is a biomarker for identifying lymphangioleiomyomatosis.

D-Leucine potently terminates seizures even after the onset of seizure activity.