Cholestyramine, a bile acid-binding resin, inhibits intestinal bile acid absorption which results in the increasing bile acid synthesis from cholesterol.

γ-Asarone, a phenylpropene, shows strong correlation with the biological activities (anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects).

Cantharidin a natural toxin isolated from beetles in the families Meloidae and Oedemeridae has been reported to be toxic to some pests including the diamondback moth.