Selaginellin has a neuroprotective effect against L-glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis via scavenging reactive oxygen species and up-regulating the expression of klotho gene.

Dihydroresveratrol is a major metabolite of resveratrol that is produced by animal-associated bacteria, including the gut microbiota.?Dihydroresveratrol and dihydroresveratrol monosulfate are detectable in urine.?

Ovatodiolide, a small molecule compound derived from fennel, has anti-inflammatory and potentially neuroprotective activity, inhibits colon tumorigenesis, and can be used in the study of neurological disorders.