Verrucosin (Compound 3) is a compound isolated from Myristica fragrans.

D-Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) is a cyclic derivative of glutamic acid physiologically present in mammalian tissues. It has been shown that PCA releases GABA from the cerebral cortex and displays anti-anxiety effects in a simple approach-avoidance conflict situation in the rat.

Britannilactone (Desacetylinulicin) is a sesquiterpene from Inula britannica with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity.Britannilactone has been associated with this antimelanotic activity and can be used in studies of skin whitening.