5'-Uridylic acid. A uracil nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2' 3' or 5' position. Uridine 5'-monophosphate is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UMP consists of the phosphate group the pentose sugar ribose and the nucleobase uracil.

N-Acetyl-L-methionine is an L-methionine derivative that is nutritionally and metabolically equivalent to L-methionine. It is a superior ROS scavenger.

Isoquinoline is an analog of pyridine. Isoquinoline-based alkaloids, such as p-tolyl bisisoquinoline, phthaloyl isoquinoline, and naphthyl isoquinoline, exhibit anticancer activity.Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic mice by downregulating the gene expression ratios of pro-/anti-inflammatory and Th1/Th2 cytokines.Additionally, some isoquinoline-based compounds also possess antidepressant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and anti-HIV activities.