Trans-caffeic acid stearyl ester is posited to inhibit melanogenesis signaling while suppressing cAMP levels and, subsequently, MC1R, MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-2 and TRP-1 down-regulation, resulting in the suppression of tyrosinase activity, DOPA oxidase activity and melanin synthesis.

Potent rat Nav1.7, human Nav1.4 and rat Nav1.6 channel activator (EC50 values are 7, 10 and 47 nM, respectively). Exhibits minimal activation at mammalian Nav1.2, Nav1.3 and Nav1.5 (EC50 values >3 μM). Inhibits fast inactivation on all channels. Increases peak currents at all voltages and stimulates a persistent Na+ current at hNav1.7 channel. Increases hyperpolarization at Nav1.4 and Nav1.6 channels. Induces spontaneous pain in vivo.

AGI-1067 (Succinobucol) is a potent inhibitor of TNF-α-inducible expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1 and E-selectin (IC50=6,10 and 25 uM).