OAT1/3-IN-2 (compound 8) is a dual inhibitor of OAT1 and OAT3. OAT1/3-IN-2 can reverse the toxicity of Cys-Hg on HEK-OAT1 cells (10 μM) and has a potential protective effect on the kidneys. OAT1/3-IN-2 can be used to study mercury-induced kidney damage.

Bismuth Subcitrate is an antibiotic used to treat stomach ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori, a bacterial infection.

2-Hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid (2-hydroxyisovaleric acid) is a metabolite found in the urine of patients with phenylketonuria methylmalonic acidemia propionic acidemia 3-ketothiolase deficiency isovaleric acidemia 3-methylcrotonylglycemia 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acidemia multiple carboxylase deficiency glutaric aciduria ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency glyceroluria tyrosinemia type I galactosemia and maple syrup urine disease.