Difopein (TFA), a specific and competitive inhibitor of 14-3-3 protein (a highly conserved eukaryotic regulatory molecule), blocking the ability of 14-3-3 to bind to target proteins and inhibits 14-3-3/Ligand interactions. Difopein (TFA) leads to induction of apoptosis and enhances the ability of cisplatin to kill cells.

Methyl sinapate can increase the frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations in the CHO K-1 cells treated with MMC, 4NQO or UV.

N-Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (TFA), an endogenous tetrapeptide secreted by bone marrow, is a specific substrate for the N-terminal site of ACE.