Pimecrolimus, like all ascomycins, is an immunophilin ligand, which binds specifically to the cytosolic receptor, immunophilin macrophilin-12.

Synaptobrevin-2 (75-78) (human, bovine, mouse, rat)

MKEY, a synthetic cyclic peptide inhibitor of CXCL4-CCL5 heterodimer formation, has been shown to protect against atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysm formation by mediating inflammation, but whether it modulates neuroinflammation and brain injury has not been studied.