Ramucirumab is a human VEGFR-2 antagonist for the treatment of solid tumors,is also a fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG1) developed for the treatment of solid tumors.

Aristolone is a natural product from the leaf oil of Alpinia polyantha.

Ribothymidine is an endogenous methylated nucleoside found in human fluids; methylated purine bases are present in higher amounts in tumor-bearing patients compared to healthy controls.DNA hypermethylation is a common finding in malignant cells and has been explored as a therapeutic target for hypomethylating agents.