Agmatine sulfate is a bioactive metabolite of the arginine amino acid. It exerts modulatory action at multiple molecular targets such as neurotransmitter systems ion channels and nitric oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor.

D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate is a potent β-glucuronidase inhibitor (IC50=48.4 μM). D-Saccharic acid 1,4-lactone hydrate possesses anticarcinogenic, detoxifying, and antioxidant properties.

The seeds of Raphanus sativus L.