Arundic Acid is an astrocyte-modulating agent, delays the expansion of cerebral infarcts by modulating the activation of astrocytes through inhibition of S-100β synthesis.

Isobutyl 2-ethylhexanoate (2-methylpropyl 2-ethylhexanoate) is an industrial flavor.

Carglumic acid is an orphan drug used for the treatment of hyperammonaemia in patients with N-acetylglutamate synthase deficiency. This rare genetic disorder results in elevated blood levels of ammonia, which can eventually cross the blood-brain barrier and cause neurologic problems, cerebral edema, coma, and death.