N-acetylcarnosine (NAC) is thought to be able to combat some of the effects of oxidative stress as it has anti-oxidant properties.Right eyes of the rabbits (male grey chinchilla rabbits aged 3-4 months weighing 2-3 k) are instilled with 80 μL of formulation A containing 1 % N-Acetylcarnosine.

Moracin M, a phenolic component in the skin of Morus alba Linn., is a potent phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor with IC50 values of 2.9, 4.5, >40, and >100 μM for PDE4D2, PDE4B2, PDE5A1, and PDE9A2, respectively. Moracin M has anti-inflammatory activity.

BAM-12P, an endogenous opioid peptide, is a novel pro-Met-enkephalin. BAM-12P can activate human κ-opioid receptor (hKOR) with an EC50 of 101 nM and a pEC50 of 6.99. BAM-12P is a ligand for CXCR7 with an EC50 of 175 nM.