Sinapic acid protects the rat liver from CCl4-induced inflammation, most likely by acting as a free radical scavenger and modulator of NF-κB p65 activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression.

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is an acyl glycine and a bile acid-glycine conjugate. It is a secondary bile acid produced by the action of enzymes existing in the microbial flora of the colonic environment.

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-Glucopyranoside is used in the GCase activity assay based on the catalytic hydrolysis of 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucopyranoside that releases the highly fluorescent 4-methylumbelliferyl (4-MU).