DO1 is an anti-amyloid agent which potently delays both seeded and non-seeded Aβ42 polymerization at substoichiometric concentrations.

Aminoadipic acid (2-aminoadipate) is a metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It is an intermediate in the metabolism of lysine and saccharopine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA).

Valnemulin HCl is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic agent inhibiting protein synthesis in bacteria by binding to the peptidyl transferase component of the 50S subunit of ribosomes.