Bisindolylmaleimide VIII acetate is a potent and selective PKC inhibitor (IC50: 158 nM for rat brain PKC).

4-Vinylphenol is the metabolite of p-coumaric and ferulic acid by lactic acid bacteria in wine found in Hedyotis diffusa Willd. 4-Vinylphenol induces apoptosis in vivo.

NecroX-5 is a novel necroptosis inhibitor that reduces mitochondrial oxidative stress, prevents hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by inhibiting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.