Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a Group 1A carcinogen and a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) primarily induces mutations by causing a G to T transversion at the third nucleotide of codon 249 in the tumor suppressor gene p53. In the body, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can cause damage to the intestines and kidneys and has some teratogenic effects.

D-Ribose 5-phosphate disodium dihydrate is a key intermediate in the oxidative branch and an end product in the nonoxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), playing a crucial role in the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids .

10Z-Nonadecenoic acid is a kind of long-chain fatty acid with anti-tumor activity.