RGD peptide (GRGDNP) (TFA) promote apoptosis through activation of conformation changes that enhance pro-caspase-3 activation and autoprocessing.

H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-NH2 is a peptide that mimics the N-terminal Gly-Pro-Arg region in the a chain of fibrin protein. H-Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro-NH2 prevents fibrin polymerization.

Apelin-12 is one of the most potent C-terminal fragments of the polypeptide that possesses a high affinity to orphan receptor APJ receptor. Apelin-12 is involved in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and in the central control of feeding. Apelin-12 blocks HIV-1 entry through APJ receptor. Apelin-12 exerts neuroprotective effect.